Speech On Children s Rights - 1332 Words

Unit III draft It is a Monday morning you rush to get ready to leave for work. You tell your daughter and son to hurry up and be ready. They take up their sweet time and this annoys you. This leads you to mumbling under your breath while you take your breakfast. They finish having breakfast and you drive them to school. On reaching the school, you see kids gathered in groups outside the school and you wonder what is wrong. You ask your children what is going and this is when you learn that the students are protesting about the principal being too harsh on them. You cannot believe and just shake your head. You drop them off and tell them to have a nice day and drive off. At work you keep wondering what is wrong with the children of today. You tell your colleague about the incident and how you feel students need to learn and not protesting. However, your colleague reminds you about children’s rights and they deserve to be heard. You cannot believe it and you laugh it off. Moreover, your collea gue tells you that it is a new century and not the stone age days when kids did not know their right. As the day keeps on going, you get a phone call from your kids’ school and they say you are needed there immediately. You rush there and find your child in the principal’s office and he tell you your child has been suspended for two weeks. This is the most dreaded news any parent wants to receive. Many parents have found themselves in this kind of situation. This is when it dawns on youShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Propaganda On Women s Rights1679 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Honorary Chairperson of the United States delegation to the conference, she gave the speech, Women s Rights Are Human Rights in the first few days during a special Plenary Session. In the speech, she utilized several persuasive techniques, also known as propaganda, grasping people s attention in order to achieve support for the claim of the women s rights she was devoted to. Propaganda is usually a speech device that people intently use to induce or intensify others actions and attitudesRead MoreSpeech On Women s Rights1377 Words   |  6 Pagesthis conference, let it be that human rights are women’s rights and women’s rights are human rights once and for all.† On September 5, 1995, 180 countries came together in Beijing China to hear first lady Hillary Clinton s speech about women s rights. This speech was the United Nations Fourth World Conference of Women. The target audience for this speech is governments and other organizations that can help meet the goal of making women s rights human rights. She addressed problems that every singleRead More`` I Have A Dream, And Florence Kelley s Speech On Child Labor And Women s Suffrage1571 Words   |  7 PagesMartin Luther King Jr s â€Å"I Have a Dream† and the two that will be contrasted in this essay; Sojourner Truth’s â€Å"Ain’t I Woman† and Florence Kelley s speech on child l abor and women s suffrage. Both of these speeches were given at women’s rights conventions, Truth’s in 1851 in Ohio and Kelley’s in 1905 in Philadelphia. Although the two speakers are opposites (Kelley being an educated white woman and Truth being a freed slave who often shows her illiteracy throughout her speech) they both depend onRead MoreMalala Yousafzai : Fighting For Education Essay1177 Words   |  5 Pages6th, 2016 Malala Yousafzai: Fighting For Education The right to education is one important fundamental justice that everyone should have, but most times that right is denied. There s many reasons why people, states or countries may not take education seriously. Pakistan is one country that has the most curtailment on education towards women. Malala Yousafazi became a young activist, she stood up for her people in Pakistan to restore the rights of education to women. Her journey began when she wasRead MoreAnalyzing Clinton s Speech About Women s Rights986 Words   |  4 PagesAnalyzing Clinton’s speech about women’s rights. On September 5, 1995, many countries came together in Beijing China to hear Hillary Clinton s speech about women s rights. This speech was the United Nations Fourth World Conference of Women. Clinton addressed problems that needed to be corrected in many countries around the world, including the United States regarding the liberties of women, and why it was authoritative that they receive these freedoms. According to Clinton’s speech (1995), â€Å"The greatRead MoreMartin Luther Kings I Have A Dream Speech1538 Words   |  7 Pages Martin Luther King Jr.’s legacy is one that is hard to forget due to the impact he had on thousands of African-American individuals and American society as a whole. Martin Luther King Jr. was a pastor of the Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta, however, King is best known for his contributions to the civil rights movement as an activist. One of his most renown works would be his â€Å"I Have A Dream† speech. During a dark period in America, people of colour were still being oppressed and held at a lowerRead MoreThe Importance Of Censorship On The Internet1558 Words   |  7 Pagesworld to be connected. However most people while surfing the internet have come across a censored page, or a website saying that this site has been â€Å"legally† blocked by the government. Censorship is defined as the suppression or prohibition of free speech by preventing a person from saying what they want to say. Typically in modern society, censorship takes place on the internet whe n certain items are deemed obscene based upon societal norms. For example, violence in advertising and pornography areRead MoreDr. Martin Luther King Jr.1589 Words   |  7 Pagesnation with his â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech. He was speaking out about the injustices of segregation, and discrimination of African Americans that was happening in America. This speech is one of the most famous in America’s history to demonstrate the freedom our nation was built upon. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s speeches and demonstrations would provoke movement in the hearts of the American people. He persuaded and inspired a nation into action with his words. With this speech, he masterfully uses ethosRead MoreI Have a Dream: Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Essay1290 Words   |  6 Pagesunforgettable speech that would one day change The United States of America forever. In analyzing â€Å"I Have a Dream†, there are a few rhetorical purposes that are reflected throughout. Thes e purposes are repeatedly focusing in on a particular audience in which King speaks to. Using different types of appeals and literary elements, his speech produced a meaningful purpose that the audience could relate to. The issue of racism in the mid twentieth century played a huge role in Martin Luther King Jr.’s â€Å"I HaveRead MoreHow Do Humans Acquire Language?1332 Words   |  6 PagesAcquire Language? Humans live in a world full of communication. Humans possess a native language that separates them from other animals. Language is developed within the first few years of a person s life. By the time one is a child; he can speak and understand almost as well as an adult. Children world-wide exhibit similar patterns of language acquisition even though they may be learning different languages. How humans learn even the most complicated languages has perplexed the minds of many

Multivariate Data Analysis - 3054 Words

Introduction This document presents the regression analysis of customer survey data of Hatco, a large industrial supplier. The data has been collected for 100 customers of Hatco on 14 parameters. The 14 variables are as follows: * Perceptions of Hatco: This data was collected on a graphic measurement rating scale consisting of a 10cm line ranging from poor to excellent. Indicator | Variable | Description | X1 | Delivery speed | amount of time it takes to deliver the product once an order as been confirmed | X2 | Price level | perceived level of price charged by product suppliers | X3 | Price flexibility | perceived willingness of HATCO representatives to negotiate price on all types of purchases | X4 | Manufacturers†¦show more content†¦For now these variables will be considered for step wise regression. Normality For multiple regression analysis it is important that all the dependant variables must be normally distributred. We can check this from the normal distribution curves of each of the dependant variables. From the above distribution curves we can see that all the variables have standard deviations approximately equal to 1. Usage level has a higher standard deviation. If this variable becomes a part of the final equation then wwe can apply corrective measures to ensure its normality. Step 2: Perform Multiple Regression The method used to arrive at the regression equation will be step wise. In order to obtain the first variable which will be used to form the regression equation we need to check which of the dependant variables has the highest correlation with the independent variable at a significant less than 0.05. The correlations of the dependant variables against the independent variable are as shown in the figure below. The table shows the correlation of all the independent variables against the dependant variable satisfaction level. The values in the cells show the correlation with satisfaction level along with the significance level. Looking down the first column it can be seen that usage level has the highest correlation of 0.711 at the highest significance level. This will be the first variableShow MoreRelatedData Analysis : Correlation, Univariate And Multivariate Regression Models Essay1200 Words   |  5 Pages2.4 Data Analysis: Correlation, Univaria te and Multivariate regression models Multivariate regression is a statistical tool used to predict the functional relationship between some dependent variable and a set of independent variables [13, 14]. It comes as a generalization to simple univariate regression models therefore it will be introduced accordingly. However selecting which variables best influence the survival rate in LC is quite difficult. 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There were approximately 27 students selected per school. To cater for the complex sampling, the data include weights (students weights, parent weights , teacher weights, counselor weights, and school weights)Read MoreA Survey On The Patient Volume Data Of The Total Amount Of Arrived Appointments For Fiscal Year Essay987 Words   |  4 PagesTable 1 provides the patient volume data of the total amount of arrived and no show appointments for fiscal year 2013, 2014 and 2015; this data reflects the patient volume for each clinic that comprise NMG Medical Specialties. The patient volume data is utilized to calculate the no show rate displayed in table 2. The no show rate calculation equation is: No Show/(No Show + Arrived). To highlight the information in table 1, note that the total amount of arrived appointments are increasing eachRead MoreAnalysis And Analysis : Big Companies972 Words   |  4 Pagescompanies to have more data and less accurate analyses. 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Using data on shipments exported from the United States in 1999, Malchow and Kanafani (2001; 2004) identified factors such as inland transportation cost, service frequency, and co nnectivity as determinants of portRead MoreTraining Process in Sas1207 Words   |  5 Pagesdemonstrations, hands-on computer workshops, and course notes that result in the best learning experience possible. In addition, we will provide a copy of the course notes to each attendee. Data Manager * SAS Programming Introduction: Basic Concepts INTRO * SAS Programming 1: Essentials PRG1 * SAS Programming 2: Data Manipulation Techniques PRG2 * SAS Programming 3: Advanced Techniques and Efficiencies PRG3 * Querying and Reporting Using SAS Enterprise Guide EGQR4 * SAS ProgrammingRead MoreSteps Involved in Processing of Data1699 Words   |  7 PagesSTEPS INVOLVED IN PROCESSING OF DATA IN RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Introduction After the collection of the data has been done, it has to be then processed and then finally analyzed. 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Hospitality Report for Environmental and Resource Economics

Question: Discuss about theHospitality Reportfor Environmental and Resource Economics. Answer: The tourism industry has been challenged with different regulatory requirements for the operation of a business in the industry. There has been a number of liberization efforts in the industry to remove most of the regulatory requirements such as market integration, Free Trade agreement and the and the Paci?cs ASEAN Free Trade Area . There has been a number of small and larger companies in the tourism industry who have advocated for greater advocacy in the tourism industry which will help promote sustainability in the tourism industry. The business people in the tourism industry have been forced to adhere to the rules and regulations set in the industry. They have been forced to comply of they face shut down. The main sectors of the tourism industry that face the challenges involves; transportation, tour operators, accommodation and travel agents (Dewhurst,2003). The regulatory requirements set by the government to govern the tourism industry involve the following; acquiring of trading certificate that will allow the business to conduct its business, registration certificate for the company. The company needs to register itself as a company according to the company act required by each company. In addition to the trading and certificate of registration, the company should also comply to the safety and health standards in the business environment. The company will also comply to the environmental requirements of taking care of the environment and provision of employment to the local communities. This can be achieved through the involving the local communities in the development, management, enhancement, management and preservation of all the resources used for the tourism projects especially environmental and cultural resources. Another regulatory requirement that need to be followed by the businesses in the tourism industry would involve the implementation of environmental and quality standards that are agreed upon by the relevant international organizations and bodies for the different projects of the tourism industry (Quiros,2007). The companies in the tourism industries are required to allocate their revenues to the prevention of any degradation of the available resources in the environment in which the business is operating in to be able to meet the demands of the tourism services in the future. Regulatory requirements involving the protection of environment has been emphasized by the government. Environment protection policies are put in place to protect the natural resources that surround the environment. The government has therefore introduced new social and environmental barriers that affect the production methods in the tourism industry. The government will have to control the nature of the products the company imports or exports to other foreign countries through the environmental and social standards to be instituted. Most of the emphasis has been put on the promotion of the green standards which is the protection of the environment through sustainability. In addition, there has been a legislation that regulates the tourism activities which included the 2006 Australia shores Act which banned any construction near shorelines and buildings without proper planning permission were demolished (Dobson,2006).In 2003, a similar legislation was passed to regulate the number of tourists accommodated in the hotels. According to Potts,(2010) Regulations are hard to follow especially in the hotel industry because it is not a single entity but has different activities conducted in the industry. In respect to the regulations in the organization every employee in the hotel industry should be responsible. Based on the licensing and trading requirements the managers should be held responsible and on the other regulations involving the environment the employees of the organization should adhere to the set-up regulations. The business can assume responsibility for compliance by self-regulation. This method allows companies to use practices that are environmental friendly to be able to increase competitive advantage. Also, the company should use voluntary standards to adhere to the rules and regulations. The company should set up measures that it will safeguard itself in complying with the set rules and regulations. The government should also involve the businesses in setting up the regulations so that t hey will be held responsible if they do not comply. This will bring understanding between the government and the businesses in the hotel industry. The governments will determine how the industrys self-regulation and voluntary standards affects the compliance of regulations by the companies. The organizations should also sponsor programs that will dictate and teach the employees on how the business will operate, the importance of the adherence to the set rules and regulations in the industry. The regulations of the tourism industry are important because it will protect the employees and the general public from any harmful activities which may affect the safety and health of the stakeholders. The employees need to be informed on its importance and ensure that there is adherence by them. There are a number of penalties that are charged on the business if they fail to adhere to the set rules and regulations. If the business breaks the regulations concerning health and safety then the business will face legal action. In most cases the business risk closure or they are suspended for 5 or more years depending on the damage caused. If the business breaks the environmental regulations and fails to adhere to sustainable development then it will have to pay a fine set by courts or they are deregistered. In conclusion, tourism is like any other industries or business and should be able to adhere to the set rules and regulations mainly the environmental regulations. The tourist business can prosper if the business has the required certification and has adhered to the regulatory environment. Prosperity and sustainable development depends on the compliance of the rules and regulations (Waayers,2006). References Dewhurst, H., Thomas, R. (2003). Encouraging sustainable business practices in a non-regulatory environment: A case study of small tourism firms in a UK national park.Journal of Sustainable Tourism,11(5), 383-403. Dobson, J. (2006). Sharks, wildlife tourism, and state regulation.Tourism in marine environments,3(1), 15-23. Huybers, T., Bennett, J. (2003). Environmental management and the competitiveness of nature-based tourism destinations.Environmental and Resource Economics,24(3), 213-233. Potts, T. (2010). The natural advantage of regions: linking sustainability, innovation, and regional development in Australia.Journal of cleaner production,18(8), 713-725. Quiros, A. L. (2007). Tourist compliance to a Code of Conduct and the resulting effects on whale shark (Rhincodon typus) behavior in Donsol, Philippines.Fisheries Research,84(1), 102-108. Waayers, D., Newsome, D., Lee, D. (2006). Research note observations of non-compliance behaviour by tourists to a voluntary code of conduct: a pilot study of turtle tourism in the Exmouth region, Western Australia.Journal of Ecotourism,5(3), 211-222.

Perception of Plp Level I Nursing Student on Taking the Nursing Aptitude Test as Basis for Selective Retention Program free essay sample

PERCEPTION OF PLP LEVEL I NURSING STUDENT ON TAKING THE NURSING APTITUDE TEST AS BASIS FOR SELECTIVE RETENTION PROGRAM A Thesis Proposal Presented to College of Nursing and School of Midwifery In partial fulfillment Of the requirements for Nursing Research I By: Mark R. Antolin Cassandra A. Cabigas Mitchelle Frances Mae A. Camilon Isadel Angelic A. Chio Mary Grace C. Cuenca Mary Grace Joy T. Julian March 2011 Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Nursing education in the Philippines has earned a good reputation. Ruth Padilla, the past president of the Philippine Nurses Association coined that Filipino nurses are world class and it is a legacy to protect during a convention in Honolulu, Hawaii in January 2006 of the Philippine Nursing Association Phil. (PNA-Phil. ) and the Philippine Nurses Association of America (PNAA ). Although it was based on American nursing curriculum, it is never a mirror image reproduction according to Catherine Ceniza Choy . The Philippine schools / colleges of nursing made adaptations in its curriculum to reflect the needs of its patients. We will write a custom essay sample on Perception of Plp Level I Nursing Student on Taking the Nursing Aptitude Test as Basis for Selective Retention Program or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As a matter of fact, the Philippines is one of the eight countries in the world ( the others are Canada, Sweden, Portugal, brazil, Iceland, Korea and Greece) which require a four year undergraduate education in order to practice nursing. Its admission standard has always been high that it produced nurses at the bedside that have established reputation of hard work, dedication and competence. March 2006, PNA-NY Newsletter, Wong, Clemencia, MA,RN) In 2001, When the United States announced the nursing shortage, Philippine President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo announced government initiatives to ensure the production of top notch nurses who will have an easier time getting jobs overseas. The Commission on Higher Education (CHED) issued a memorandum on guidelines to be followed in the admission of professionals entering the nursing program. The Philippine Nursing Act of 1991 was repealed for a more responsive nursing profession ( March 2006, PNA-NY Newsletter, Wong, Clemencia, MA,RN) Due to the unabated rise in the number of nursing schools, CHED declared a moratorium on the opening of new schools, part of the nursing development plan to address the issue of quality of nursing education. This way, the Technical Committee for Nursing Education can concentrate on monitoring and regulating the schools that are open. Last 2006, development of the National Nursing Aptitude Test (NNAT) was ;planned. (Lorenzo, Marilyn, RN, PhD). The Nursing Aptitude Test is important in helping the student for them to decide whether nursing is the right career. It is based on applied sciences, Daily Life science, Communication skills, Mathematical skills, interpreting the written words and analytical reasoning. (Pataliah, B. A. 2004) Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Pasay (PLP), College of Nursing School of Midwifery (CONM) is one of the colleges that offer the nursing course. The College mission is to produce quality health care professionals through world class education and pursue a highly competitive skill in maintaining the ideals of the vocation of the future health professionals. And to fulfill this aim, the College is doing its best to train the students both in academic and clinical field. Because of this, the College strictly complies with the CHED memorandum and requirement on policies, standards and guidelines governing nursing students. One of the actions taken is the implementation of Nursing Aptitude Test. This will determine who among the freshmen will pass the exam in order to be a part of the selective retention program. This program allows only prospective first year students to continue to the second year level of the nursing course. This research is about the perceptions of the first year level nursing student of the Pamamtasan ng Lungsod ng Pasay about the nursing aptitude test as basis of the selective retention program. The researchers would like to determine the orientation, preparedness and how serious the freshmen are in dealing with NAT as a part of the curriculum. PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to gain insights on the perception of PLP level 1 nursing students on taking the NAT exam as basis for Selective Retention Program and whether their perceptions are influenced by their age, civil status, gender and National Career Aptitude Test result. OBJECTIVES The Objectives of the study are the following: 1. To gather perceptions of the level 1 nursing students on taking the Nursing Aptitude test (NAT) as basis for selective retention program in terms of their orientation, preparedness and seriousness. 2. To assess the student perception based in the area of orientation, preparedness and seriousness in taking the nursing aptitude test. 3. To establish the degree of relationship between the demographic profile, National Career Aptitude Examination and the perceptions of level 1 nursing students of PLP-CONM. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The study will attempt to answer the following questions; 1. What are the demographic profile of the PLP Level nursing students with regards to: 1. 1age 1. 2civil status 1. 3gender 2. What are the National Career Aptitude Examination scores of PLP Level 1 nursing students? . What are the preparations done by PLP Level 1 nursing students in the areas of: 3. 1Orientation 3. 2Preparedness 3. 3Seriousness 4. Is there a significant relationship in the demographic profile, NCAE scores and perceptions of PLP Level 1 nursing students in NAT as basis for selective retention program? STATEMENT OF THE HYPOTHESIS H0: There is no significant relationship between the demo graphic profile, NCAE score and perceptions of PLP Level 1 nursing students on taking the Nat as basis for Selective Retention Program. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY This study will be conducted to gather the perceptions of the PLP level 1 nursing students on NAT as basis in the selective retention program. Students shall be informed on the possible consequences they will face if they either pass or fail from the said examination. A. Students The perceptions of the students about taking NAT will be heard and given attention. They can express their opinions and thoughts about the said matter which may be possibly influenced by their age, civil status and gender. The students will be able to understand the real purpose and objective of taking the NAT. Thus, it will help them become more oriented and get prepared before taking the said examination. Furthermore, it will open their minds and help them decide whether Bachelor of Science in Nursing is the right choice. This will enhance their decision making capacity about choosing their preferred career. B. Administration The president of the PLP, the Dean of the College of Nursing and School of Midwifery (CONM), the and faculty will be able to take action or respond appropriately according to the outcomes of implementing the NAT as a basis of selective retention program for those students involved in this program. The administration will be able to determine the perception of the students based in the area of orientation, preparedness and seriousness. The administration will be able to create more effective tool with regards to the implementation NAT as basis for Selective Retention Program. They can discuss ways in developing through orientation among the students prior to taking the NAT exam. C. Other Researchers This study can help other researchers to obtain further information about the outlook of nursing students in taking the NAT based on their age, civil status and gender and whether or not their perceptions are affected by these variables. SCOPE AND LIMITATION The research will be conducted in the Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Pasay ,College of Nursing and School of Midwifery, P. Burgos St. Pasay City. The respondents are BSN level 1 regular students enrolled in the school year 2010-2014 and are qualified to take the Nursing Aptitude Test. The only demographic profiles that will be collected are the students age, civil status and gender. Their National Career Aptitude Examination scores will be required to determine the level of their intelligence. The perceptions that will be gathered are based on OPS (orientation, preparedness and seriousness) in taking the NAT. The perceptions of the students will be assessed and classified according to their age, civil status, gender and NCAE scores. Only questionnaires will be used to gather the pertinent information needed from the respondents. DEFINITION OF TERMS AGE It is an individuals development measured in terms of the years requisite for like development of an average individual In the academe, college students are within the adolescent age which is consists of 13-19 years old and young adulthood which is consists of 20-40 years old. BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING The Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) is a four year academic degree in the science and principles of nursing, granted by a tertiary education university or similarly accredited school. CIVIL STATUS It refers to the materials status of a person, either single or married. LEVEL 1 NURSING STUDENT It refers to the freshmen nursing students. NURSING APTITUDE TEST The Nursing Aptitude Test (NAT) is used to measure the academic achievement level of students wishing to enter the nursing (R. N. ) program. PERCEPTION It is the process of attaining awareness or understanding of sensory information. PREPAREDNESS It refers to the state of being prepared for specific or unpredictable events or situations. It is an important quality in achieving goals and in avoiding and mitigating negative outcomes. SELECTIVE RETENTION PROGRAM It is the program implemented in the Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Pasay, College of Nursing and School of Midwifery which is used to classify students who are capable of pursuing to the next level. Qualifying examinations in every year level must be passed prior to enrollment such as Nursing Aptitude and Achievement Examination. SEX It is defined as being male or female. CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE A. Foreign Literature Nursing service can be characterized as generous, loving and compassionate care. Nursing career is considered as a collaborative job because it involves a lot of team work especially with the other health care team members. A nurse performs different roles such as a discipline care giver, a counselor, a manager, a teacher, etc. Every action done should be focused on the bivalence of the patients. ( http://www. personality-and-aptitude-career-tests. com/nursing-career. html) During the past years baccalaureate nursing program enrollment, have increased. In 2001 the enrollees increased up to 3. 7%, in 2002 and 2003 it had also increased up to 8. 1 and 15. 9% consecutively (Health Care Financial Management Association and Group, 2006) According to Tony Abari in 2010, Aptitude Test measures a person’s acquired knowledge based on the past education and experiences before taking the test. It is used to evaluate a person’s ability to learn (Abari, 2010) And because of the said program anyone who does not pass the aptitude test will not be able to continue to pursue their dream. Because of this, different perceptions of the students have risen and they vary in varies to different sex, age and civil status. According to Jean Piaget, intelligence is not the same at different ages. It changes qualitatively, attaining increasing broader, more abstract and more equilibrated structure thereby allowing to different level of organization in the world. In his cognitive theory he created 4 stages of cognitive development the sensory motor stage, pre-operational stage, concrete operational stage and formal operational stage consecutively (Piaget 1980’s). In his formal operational stage which is the fourth and final stage of cognitive development in Piaget’s theory. Individual move beyond concrete experience and begin to think abstractly, reason logically, draw conclusions from the information available. As well as apply all this processes to hypothetical situations. During this stage the young person begins to entertain possibilities for the future and fascinated with what they can be (Piaget, 1980) Social status has been defined in various ways. Homans (1961) it suggests that the status of an individual is the complex set of stimuli that are evaluated by others as better or worse, higher or lower. Based upon an assumption that every single characteristic of a person differentiates individuals from others, Homans classifies status characteristics into three kinds: (a) characteristics of the individuals themselves (e. g. , attractiveness, age, sex, skin color, educational achievements, income, religion, etc. ), (b) characteristics related to relationships with other individuals, groups, organizations, or communities (e. g. seniority at work, authority, and marital status), and (c) characteristics that relate to others perceptions of the individual (e. g. , approvals and esteem) (Homans, 1961) Berger and his colleagues explain social status as status inequalities generated by expectations about future performances. According to Berger, social status can be categorized into two types: (a) specific status characteristics that are associated with specific expectations for dealing with specific abilities, and (b) diffuse status characteristics which people can infer general assumptions, such as individuals’ competence, ability, or value (e. . , race, class, education, age, occupation, physical attractiveness, and gender). Because of this it also affects the people on how they think. Social Status is one of the important factor in making decisions because when a person is single he or she can only think of his/her but when a person is married he/she needs to consider lots of this such as if her/his family can benefit on it. (Berger, Cohen, Fisek, 1974; Berge, Cohen, Zelditic 1972) B. Foreign Studies Nursing programs chose students by ranking them according to factors such as graduates in prerequisite classes and test score result. Students in various other programs also were required to take assessment test for course placement purposes. The said programs are allowed to continue requiring prospective student to complete science prerequisite course to be eligible to apply. Validation studies also must be conducted in order for district to require application to obtain grades higher than a â€Å"C† on perquisite classes. The above program shows the defined policies they implemented on the regulation of the selective retention program. It evaluated ranking of factors such as grades in prerequisite classes and test score result before letting the student to be undergone on the assessment exam, the national aptitude test. The validation study showed that the students who fail to satisfy such requirements are â€Å"highly unlike† to succeeding in nursing program (Paul Steenhausen and Steve Boiland, May 2007). According to Sarah E. Newton, PhD, RN and Gary Coore, PhD, RN in September 2009, there are 50% attrition rate of Bachelor of Science in Nursing Student nationwide. In decreasing attrition or loss of a student is BSN, Nursing Aptitude Test is now adjunct to scholastic aptitude data so that it can be vague knowledge about the reliability in using NT to predict the readiness of the students in National Council Licensure Examination. The study finding suggest that there is still a need for explanatory model in attrition of Nursing Student and this will also serve as a guideline in admitting students to ensure that students taking the NCLEX are from BSN program (Journal of Professional Nursing Vol. 25, Issue 5, Pages 273-278, Sept. 2005) According to Eme R, Maisiak R, Goodale W. June 2005, the two most worrisome problems among the early adolescents are careers and grades. The study emphasizes that these young men are not that focused on their study. Likewise, according to LeBow JA, April 2004, there are some factors that may affect the seriousness of adolescent adjustment reactions such as the framework of adolescent’s age, social situation, general stress factors, and developmental history. C. Local Literature Today, the Philippines is bloody full of nurses. Many nursing schools have busied themselves adjusting their requirements to fit the need of a new type of student. Middle age professionals seeking new, career are journalists, accountants, clerks, teachers, and doctors are some of the professionals that chooses to become nurses because of the high demand. (Santos, 2010) Because of this, the Philippine Nursing Board becomes strict in their policies and laws. They are the one who is responsible in maintaining the number of graduating students in the nursing field. As part of what they amended, the Selective Retention Program is a solution for the over population of the nursing students in the Philippines. (Santos, 2010) On March 10, 2009 Dr. Rizalina Mitra- Pangan used the the NAT as a criterion for retention in every college of nursing it was design to determine the students learning preferences and talents (Malimbag, 2009) Nursing Aptitude Test (NAT) measures the person’s acquired knowledge based on the past education and experiences before taking the test. It includes the subject, Math, English, Language and Literature, Science and reading Comprehension. Anyone, who did not pass the NAT, will be subjected for removal. Selective Retention Program is used in this type of deliberation. In nursing, Selective Retention Program (SRP) is the way how the institution identifies the candidates who are likely to succeed as nurses. By predicting the nursing student’s success even before, he or she begin the duty in the wards would give the students, the opportunity to enrich the quality of education offered to those candidate, most likely to succeed. (Schivley 2005) The NCAE was developed to assess the aptitudes of the fourth year high school students and guide them in choosing an appropriate career path after graduation. Unlike the National College Entrance Examination that was discontinued in 1994, the NCAE is used entirely for recommendation purposes in career guidance. Lapus stressed that the conduct of NCAE last August 2007 and the distribution of the individual results last November 2007 will give students and their parents time to choose career options vis-a-vis aptitudes or inclinations (Lapus, 2007). DepEd is currently implementing enhanced curriculum in some 261 technical-vocational secondary schools out of 5,078 public secondary schools nationwide to give students in these tech-voc schools skills training and a resulting wider array of life choices. Given the introduction of ladderized education, students may build on their skills acquired in these tech-voc schools and choose technical or engineering courses in college while some may decide to take post-secondary courses given by TESDA. The department of Education (DepEd) announced that it will be conducting the National Career Assessment Examination (NCAE) for fourth year students of public and private high schools on August 28. The NCAE, which replaced the National College Entrance Examination, was given for the first time in January 2007. D. Local Studies The Philippine Nursing Law, R. A. 877 was amended by the Philippine Nursing Act of 1991, R. A. 7164. The Law provides for the scope of nursing practice and specifies that for a nurse to be professional, he or she must acquire a Bachelor of Science in Nursing degree, be physically and mentally fit and secure a license to practice nursing in the country. The BSN curriculum aims to produce a full functioning nurse who has developed a sensitive awareness to the health needs of society as well as commitment to the alleviation of problems arising there from, acquired the necessary skills, knowledge and attitudes for the promotion of health, prevention of illness, restoration of health and alleviation of suffering, and (3) developed a research attitude through the use of the nursing process. Such attitude, among others, leads to the utilization of research findings (Venzon, 196-197). A study conducted by Thelma Corcega and colleagues in 1999 on the supply and demand of nurses in the Philippines revealed that â€Å"In 1998, there was an estimated 323,490 registered nurses but the reported demand for nurses was only 178,045, 84. 75% of which was demand from international markets† (UP Manila Journal Vol. 5 No. 1, 2000, p. 1). It also reveals that a total of 16,240 Filipino nurses have been deployed abroad from 1998 to 2000. There were 13,608 professional nurses and 1,714 nursing personnel deployed to Saudi Arabia and 3,177 to United Kingdom. All of these nurses are graduates of nursing institutions throughout the country. It indicates that Filipino nurses who earned their degree from the Philippines are recognized abroad. However, the extent to which they remain competitive in this fast changing world is the accountability of quality education. (Philippine Maritime and Nursing Education: Benchmarking with APEC Best Practices; page 8-9 Veronica Esposo Ramire, December 2005) The exam evaluates students’ general scholastic abilities bur also adds several new test layers, including technical-vocational aptitude, occupational interests and entrepreneurial skills. The new test components allow parents and their children to assess career options based on the students’ skills toward any field of interest. It can also be basis for students’ goal towards college and possible entrepreneurial capabilities. The DepEd has also been pushing its Technical-Vocational (tech-Voc) program, which include special curricula that high school students can take to hone their skills in various fields. The program covers arts, electrical technology, welding, computers, software skills and technical drawing. (Villafania, 2007) According to Mamaoag and Magno nursing achievement test usually correlates other cognitive measures such as critical thinking, mental ability, grades with demographic factors such as age, gender and parent’s educational level. Dispositional factors such as nursing traits were nit explored during previous studies because concurrent studies were driven by the factors explained by other previous studies. This poses a need to explore and use ot5her kinds of disposition (Mamaoag Magno, 2005). Theoretical Framework Figure 1: Imogene King’s metaparadigm Imogene King formulated the Goal Attainment Theory, which focuses on creating a positive behavior that can be adapted to achieve goals. She defined person as social custom and belief through language. They exhibit common characteristics such as ability to perceive, to think, to feel, to choose between alternative course of action, to set goals, to select the means to achieve goals and to make decisions. On the other hand, she viewed environment as the process of balance involving the internal and external interactions inside the social system. Reactions from the interactions between the internal and external environment can be biological, Psychological, physical, social or spiritual. King’s model is composed of three interacting system namely the Personal, Interpersonal and social communication. These levels are independent and at the same time co-exist to influence over-all nursing practice. Specifically, in her personal framework, king stated how the nurse views and intergrades self based from the personal goals and beliefs. It includes perception, feelings, self body image and level of growth development. According to her perceptions is the process of human transaction with the environment. It involves organizing, interpreting and transforming information from sensory data and memory. Furthermore, King discussed interaction as a process of perce3ption and communication between person and environment that are goal directed. King also used the word action to describe the means of behavior or activities that are towards the accomplishment of a certain action. It is both physical and mental. The accomplishment of a task begins with mental action. Actions are aimed towards setting goals through communication between the nurse and the client then exploring and agreeing means to perform them thereby achieving the set goal. In relation to the formulation of an individual’s own perception by king, another theory describes how an individual was able to formulate his thoughts. Jean Piaget’s theory of Cognitive Development is a comprehensive theory about the nature development of human intelligence. It deals with the nature of knowledge itself and how humans come gradually to acquire it, construct it and use it. He developed the four main periods of cognitive development that varies through different stages of life and changes a person on how think and make decisions. In his fourth and final period known as the Concrete Operational Stage that commences at around 11 yrs. of age and continues to adolescent, individual move beyond concrete experience and begins to think abstractly, reason logically and draw conclusions from the information available. Through this theory it can be understood how adolescent differ from the one who are younger than them. Different ages have a different ways of thinking. People under Concrete Operational Stage are able to produce answer through hypothetical-deduction in which they use best guess. But some decision became different because of the future effect of it. Human have different perception and it varies through different age, sex and civil status. Father of Socio-biology Dr. Edward O. Wilson of Harvard University said that females tend to be higher than males in empathy, verbal skills, and social skills, While men tends to be higher in spatial and mathematical skills. By knowing the differences of the male and female according to cognition, we can identify the reason how they both differ in perception related to subject matter. (Wilson, 2005) Though the enactment roles, static social position is brought to life. According to the concept of the Role theory developed by Lindersmith and Strauss in 1968, a status may include number of roles, with each role appropriate to a specific social context. An individual occupies a status, but plays a role. Role behavior in any given situation depends on the status occupied by interacting individuals. The role an individual plays has a profound effect on attitude and behavior as well as self perception. Other theory that is involved in the perception of man is the cognitive-field theory which originated from gestalt psychology. The cognitive-field psychologist considers learning to be closely related to perception. They define learning in terms of reorganization of the learner’s perceptual or psychological world in his or her field. The field includes a simultaneous and mutual interaction among all the forces or stimuli affecting the person. Relationship of the Theories to the study Based o the Goal attainment theory of Imogene King, The primary person involved is the students. The students are rational human beings who are capable of communicating ideas and expressing their own thoughts. They have the ability to perceive things and select means to achieve their goals. The environment where they live influences the way they interact with other human beings. Students spend most of the time in their school, less in home. This kind of setting may influence how the student will react from the environment physically, emotionally, socially, mentally and spiritually. In relation to the personal framework of King, students may formulate perceptions based from their personal goals and beliefs. In formulating their perceptions in NAT as basis for SRP, the students may have different outlook in the topic because they will eventually have different plans in life. These are the factors that may affect the creation of perceptions among the Level 1 nursing students. These are the age, civil status, gender and NCAE scores. According to Piaget, when the person reaches his 11th year, he begins to think abstractly, reason logically and draw conclusions from the information available. Meaning those level 1 nursing students are already capable of perceiving this and becomes concerned with the hypothetical, future and ideological views. His perception in NAT in terms of OPS may depend on his age. The older the age, the higher desire the student has, to pass the NAT. In terms of civil status, the role theory suggests that the role that an individual play have a profound effect on attitude and behavior as well as on self perception. If the student is single and not engaged in any relationship, they do not have big responsibilities to hold. Dr. Edward O. Wilson of Harvard University discussed about how the gender affects the intelligence of a person. Females tend to excel in empathy, verbal skills, and social skills, while men excel in spatial and mathematical skills. The NCAE plays an important role in considering the cognitive function of level 1 nursing student. The NCAE scores of the students may reflect their intelligence quotient. The more intelligent the students are, the better perception he has towards NAT. Conceptual Framework SELECTIVE RETENTION PROGRAM Figure 1: Conceptual Framework The figure above shows the research study metaparadigm. The two circles represent the determinants for passing the Selective Retention Program (SRP). These are the demographic data and NCAE results. These circles are enclosed in a funnel which represents the NAT. This means that the determinants are properly filtered and selected to ensure the prospective students who will stay and continue in the second level of the nursing course through Selective Retention Program. The first circle is the demographic profile of Level 1 nursing students specifically age, civil status and gender. These data are factors that affect the creation of perceptions of students in Nursing Aptitude Test (NAT) as basis for Selective Retention Program (SRP). Age plays an important role in pursuing a career. The older the age, the more the person is eager to finish the study. Being a male and female is considered as one of the determinants in creating perceptions. It was believed that both have differences in their behaviour and how they think. Their biological factors affect the interest and sex role attitude. Civil status is briefly defined as being single or married. Married persons have greater responsibility compared to those who are single. Thus, it can affect one’s choice of career and eagerness to finish the college course. Second circle is the NCAE score of the students that may reflect their intelligence. The funnel is the perception on the orientation and preparedness of the Level 1 nursing students. Orientation is defined as the state of full mental function. Preparedness, on the other hand, is the state of being prepared for specific or unpredictable event or situation. The perceptions of students can serve as a baseline to assess and determine their preparedness and orientation about the significance of taking NAT. The output is the Selective Retention Program (SRP). NAT will be the sole basis of SRP. It will determine who among the students are qualified to stay and continue to pursue the nursing course. Chapter III METHODOLOGY Research Design Approach use in the research is descriptive approach which is use to describe and interpret points of view or attitude that are held or not held, practice that prevail or do not prevail, procedures that are continuing or otherwise, effects that are being felt or trends that are developing. The variables include the perception of PLP level 1 nursing students and the Nursing Aptitude Test as a basis for selective retention program. The students are subjected to undergo the Nursing Aptitude Test to determine and measure what knowledge the students has already acquired prior to taking the test and also as a basis of selective retention program by the administrator in anticipating academic achievement. Afterwards, the students are given a measurement tool provided by the researcher to determine their perception toward the relationship of Nursing Aptitude Test and Selective Retention Program and its effect to the students Instrumentation The researchers developed a student’s perception questionnaire validated by Dean Iris C. Castillon, RM, RN, MAN, MAEd. and Arcelli Francisco, RN, MAN to identify the student’s perception in taking the Nursing Aptitude Test. The questionnaire has both types of questions: Unstructured forms which are â€Å"open-ended† questions; and structured forms which are â€Å"close-ended† questions. This questionnaire will be provided by the researchers for the level 1 nursing students. They have to answer by filling up the blanks adjacent to the free response question. On the other hand, in close-ended questions, checking the appropriate response in each question will be the method of answering. Both will help the researchers to determine their perception in the Nursing Aptitude Test. The researchers ensure that the questions are organized into units and progresses from one type to another according to their relationship. It is also made simple and interesting to avoid too much time in answering the questionnaire and promote interest in answering. Data Gathering Procedure In order to conduct the data gathering procedure, the researchers respectfully approach the Dean of the College of Nursing of Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Pasay to ask for approval and permission, furthermore interview to the dean will be accomplished as part of the requirement in the research. Libraries, bookstores, and even website in the internet were visited by the researchers in collecting related literatures and recent studies from years 2005 up to present. This literatures and studies are used in evaluating its relationship to the research. Through the effort of the researchers, also with the aid of formal letter in asking for approval to different librarians, they successfully obtained essential information to formulate the research. Finally, researchers gave a questionnaire to the respondent in determining the perception of level 1 nursing students to the Nursing Aptitude Test as a basis of Selective Retention Program. Research Locale Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Pasay is located at Pasadena St. F. B. Harrison Pasay City. The College of Nursing and School of Midwifery is located at P. Burgos St. Pasay City. It is a government institution founded on 1994. On May 13, 1995, Ordinance 452 amended Ordinance 2712 stating among others, the power and functions of the governing body of Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Pasay. On September 17, 1996, Ordinance 665 further amended ordinance 271 establishing Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Pasay as a public educational institution. It stated that, by virtue of the provisions of the Local Government Code of 1991, the function of the municipal corporation is a dual in nature in that, one is governmental and the other is proprietary, thus making the Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Pasay, operated by the city Government of Pasay, government in character. It, therefore, justifies the charging of its operational and maintenance expenses to the Special Education Fund. It offers educational programs at different levels from primary and secondary education, college degrees and graduate school. Sampling Technique Non-Probability Sampling is the technique use for selection of group to be studied. The method also referred as a purposive sampling, the research subject in determining perception to Nursing Aptitude Test as basis of selective retention program which includes all level 1 nursing students of Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Pasay with regards to certain characteristics such as age, civil status and gender. Statistical Treatment The data gathered from the survey will be analyzed and interpreted through the computation of the following: a. Mean The mean (or average) of a set of data values is b. Weighted mean The weighted mean is a mean where there is some variation in the relative contribution of individual data values to the mean. Each data value (Xi) has a weight assigned to it (Wi).