Health And Sustainability Of Marine Ecosystem Degradation

Goal 14 of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) seeks to â€Å"conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development.† Targets 14.1, 14.2, 14.3, 14.4, 14.5 and 14.a, aim to improve the health and sustainability of marine ecosystems by a specified date, and avoid adverse impacts to the environment by addressing specific kinds of marine pollution. These are measurable in so far that it is scientifically possible to quantify nutrient pollution, ocean acidity, marine debris, biodiversity etc., across space and time, as well as the impacts of such indicators on other areas of the environment. In principle the lack of analysis of certain aspects of marine ecosystem degradation makes it somewhat difficult to identify causal mechanisms in changes to the environment. Targets to improve scientific cooperation and knowledge relating to marine ecosystems, 14.3, 14.5 and 14.a, can be measured in relation to increased international and cross-sector cooperation and improved research outcomes. Observable sustainable socio-economic development of SIDs and LDCs can be used to measure the achievement of targets 14.7, 14.a and 14.b. Improvements to the regulation of destructive fishing practises, enforcement of international law and reduction of perverse subsidies (14.4, 14.6 and 14.c) can only be partially measured given the size of the ocean and that much illegal activity goes undetected. It is also important to note that an assessment of theseShow MoreRelatedHuman Manipulation And Its Effects On The Health Of Our Oceans1056 Words   |  5 Pagesbreath. Needless to say, life on Earth depends on the health of our oceans. 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Other areas affected include the loss of forest, water and air pollution, decrease in fresh water supply and degradation of soil. Today we are currently seeing dramatic increases in global population. As the world’s population continues to rise, natural resources will continue to dwindle as longRead MoreHow is sustainable development linked to ecological footprint?1552 Words   |  7 Pagesexplain, and a great didactic tool to convey concepts of ecological deficit and environmental degradation. However, like many other indicators of sustainable development, it has its shortcomings and should not be relied on as an integral indicator of sustainability. Sustainable development can be divided into three interconnected components—environmental, economical and sociopolitical sustainability. These are known as the three pillars of sustainable development. Therefore, sustainable developmentRead MoreThe Great Pacific Garbage Patch1693 Words   |  7 Pagesbeing digested by our marine animals. 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Negotiation-Real World Reflection - 1257 Words

â€Å"Real world† negotiation reflection Introduction As the senior manager, I finish the annual performance evaluation of my team members in January. After finishing evaluation I will hold interviews with them, talk about their efforts and the plans for this year. Lilly is one of my team members with a better knowledge of the logistics industry. Based on her performance in 2012, her annual performance is rated B+ and she can get 8% increase in year-end bonuses. In addition, I plan to promote her as a team leader responsible for the logistics software products promotion in the northern market. Since our company’s business development in 2013 will increase the input in the northern market, I expect the annual sales income in 2013 will†¦show more content†¦Talked about the things the company measures for her position; her contribution to revenue or costs. Based on her performance in 2012, her annual performance is rated B+ and she can get 8% increase in her year-end bonuses. Then, I went to the promotion issue. I analyzed the marketing strategy of our company; the northern market should be one of the most important markets in 2013. Therefore, I need to promote a team leader who can manage the consultant team for northern market. Based on her excellent consultant skill and knowledge of the logistics industry, she is the best man for this position. Lilly showed her satisfaction with the result of annual performance evaluation and was pleased with the chance to be a team leader. But she said she wanted to change to sales department in order to have more time to take care of her family. Since I know that it could not easy to get more time if being a sales manager, I didn’t consider it as the real reason for her shift. Through conversation, I learned that the real reason was her personal annual income was less than Han, which made her feel uncomfortable. I thought I should focus on the income first. 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Negotiation is a skill that I thought people have to be born with. Although people can be born better suited with negotiation skills; the skill is also a craft that can be taught and learnedRead MoreThe Parking Space At Magnolia Medical Center903 Words   |  4 Pagespractice the material of the course in the class. I think the groups started to feel in a strong and competitive way as the negation became complex between groups and may be there had solution that was chosen by them to be the best reprehensive of negotiation. 3. Empathy : Somehow, what made me very easy to the person that tried to change my mind to pay $30 even I had change was that he told me an story that happened with him for the same satiation as me in his college parking that he and I should registerRead MoreThe Success Of Nike And Adidas1216 Words   |  5 Pagesrelease, I was able to actually put my negotiating skills to the test (in hopes of receiving the best possible selling price). 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The importance of health assessment in understanding patients Free Essays

string(68) " has negative impact on respiratory and peripheral muscle function\." Introduction As stated by Weilitz Potter (2007), â€Å"Health assessment is the process of gathering, verifying, analyzing, and communicating data about a patient.† (p. 5). We will write a custom essay sample on The importance of health assessment in understanding patients or any similar topic only for you Order Now This sentence shows that health assessment is essential for fully understanding the situation of a patient. In the following passage, there is a case study to discuss which kind of health assessment can be used in order to provide a better nursing care for a patient. Case scenario Mr Wong, aged 58, arrived at my ward with his wife. He was sweating and coughing. He had a difficulty of breathing and a wheezing sound was heard. After 15 minutes of rest, he felt better. He explained that while he was chasing a bus with his wife, he felt breathlessness and dizzy. He did not recovered after resting for awhile on the street so his wife brought him to the hospital. Mr Wong was a retiree for a year and he was a constructive worker before. He explained that retirement was because of not enough energy for daily work. He had smoked for over 30 years, one and half pack of cigarette per day, and had 5 cans of beer every week. He was obese and had medical history of hypertension for 5 years with own medicine. He was married and lived with his wife in an old building. He was fatigued when climbing up the stairs as well as walking for awhile. Due to the fatigue, he reduced the social activities and stayed most of his time at home. He complaint of not having a good sleep because of night cough (on-and-off for a year) and kept coughing with production of sputum for a year. Besides, he had respiratory track infection more frequently in this year. In recent 2 months, he had poor appetite and lost 8 pounds. During the conversation, Mr Wong usually needed a rest for answering every 3 questions. He looked tired and had deep circles under his eyes. His lip was dry. He was upset about the fatigue and felt useless of himself. He said that his quality of life was affected and lost interest of his previous hobbies. He did not have any social activities in this year nearly. Mr Wong had a low grade fever and blood pressure was around 145/90. His pulse was around 110. He had taken a chest X-ray after admission and the result was pending. He took the test of spirometry and FEV1 was between 40-50%. His 12-lead ECG was normal. 2-liters of oxygen was given through nasal cannula. He always sat up and seldom leaving the bed. Mr Wong was diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). When Mr Wong arrived, I took vital signs of him as a baseline. His weight as well as height were recorded. Then I took the health history by an interview. The interview was started with the main complaint of Mr Wong. After that I took the past health status. They were medical history, done surgery, medication history, food and drug allergy. The lifestyle and health practice of Mr Wong were also asked. It included different areas. Smoking and drinking must be included as both were the risk factors of COPD. From his diet, hobbies and activity level, I needed those information for discovering the reasons of weight loss and obesity of Mr Wong. I also asked Mr Wong if he had constipation while if he felt breathless during passing stool and bathing. After the interview, I held a physical examination for Mr Wong. There were 2 parts, inspection and auscultation. I measured the respiratory rate and rhythm and observed the shape of his chest and any central or peripheral cyanosis. Auscultation was followed. I recorded the abnormal sounds like wheezing. Advanced nursing health assessment In the case of Mr Wong, a very simple and brief health assessment was done. It was unsatisfied because the health assessment was not completed and informative. The following passage is going to provide more health assessment and methods which can improve the case of Mr Wong. Health history The interview of Mr Wong was too brief. More questions should be asked. First of all, Mr Wong’s family history should be reviewed as COPD can be inherited (CMP Medica, 2007). More information of his blood relatives such as patients, grandparents and children has to be obtained. Nurse can find out any rare illness among the families which may relate to respiratory disease (Barnett, 2006). Secondly, Mr Wong work history should be also assessed. Since he was a constructive worker, he usually exposed to the chemical irritant. The nature and the environment of his work directly regard to COPD. Nurse needs to identify any personal protective equipment he used as well (Weilitz Potter, 2007, p.157). Thirdly, information regarding home conditions is important to establish how Mr Wong coped at home. As he was living in an old building, the building may be without a lift or with many stairs. It is possible for Mr Wong having difficulty to go out or it may be the reason of reducing social activities (Barnett, 2006). Fourthly, nurse has to question Mr Wong’s sleeping pattern as he did not sleep well because of night cough. Nurse should document how many hours he slept and why he could not sleep well. Sleeplessness or limited sleep may lead to tiredness and inability to cope with daily activities. By knowing the cause, doctor and nurse can treat the night cough of Mr Wong to deal with the insomnia. And they can prevent giving treatment with night sedative due to the side effects, which may depress the respiratorycentre(Barnett, 2006). Physical examination The physical examination includes different parts which can give a complete picture of Mr Wong’s condition. They will be introduced one by one, from simple to complicated. Body mass index From the article of Shepherd (2010), it states that â€Å"Nutritional depletion in patients with COPD is common and has negative impact on respiratory and peripheral muscle function. You read "The importance of health assessment in understanding patients" in category "Essay examples"†(p.559). As Mr Wong had poor appetite and lost 8 pound in 2 months, the body mass index (BMI) should be recorded for follow-up. Nurse has to find out causes of weight loss and deals with those problems efficiently. COPD assessment test COPD assessment test is a simple questionnaire. It is used to measure the impact of COPD on the life of patient, and how this changes overtime. By this test, nurse takes it as a reference to improve the treatment. The test contains 8 questions. They are the frequency of coughing, if he feels any mucus in his chest, if his chest feels tight, if he feels breathless when climbing up hills or stairs, if he is limited doing any activities at home, if he is confident leaving his home despite his lung problem, if he sleeps soundly, if he has lots energy(GlaxoSmithKline, 2009). Medical Research Council( MRC) Dyspnoea Scale Measurement of breathlessness is essential for a COPD patient. The Dyspnoea Scale of MRC allows patients to grade their breathlessness on a scale of 1-5 according to activity carried out. The degree of breathlessness related to activities is from grade1-5 which means from mild to severe. It acts as a baseline and is useful for monitoring purposes for nurses and doctors (Barnett, 2009). Physical examination of Chest Through the process mentioned in above passages, nurse can receive higher proportion of basic information about Mr Wong’ condition. In the coming passages, several techniques which focus on chest are going to introduce. There are 4 physical respiratory examination, inspection, palpation, percussion and auscultation. Although inspection and auscultation were applied in the case of Mr Wong, they were imperfect. Inspection Inspection consists of several parts. For the case of Mr Wong, nurse mainly focus on the inspection of breathing pattern, use of accessory muscles and positioning (Weber Kelley, 2010). Nurse needs to observe the rate, depth and rhythm of respiration. If these factors are abnormal, they represent the increasing workload of breathing. The pattern of respiration should be recorded if there is any special such as tachypnoea, hyperventilation, Cheyne-Strokes respiration, Biot’s respiration†¦etc. It allows the doctor giving particular treatment (Massey Meredith, 2010). Abnormal posture shows the patient may have difficulty in breathing. Mr Wong always sat up or leaned forward because he can better tense the respiratory muscle and contractility (Massey Meredith, 2010). In addition, using of respiratory muscles (trapezius, or shoulder) helps inspiration especially chronic airway obstruction (Weber Kelley, 2010). Nurse should pay more attention and provide suitable nursing care (such as oxygen supply, suction, removing tight clothes†¦etc) when above symptoms occur. Palpation Palpation for tenderness and sensation can determine whether there is inflammation, muscle sore or infection. It can be performed by one or both hands following the sequences. It should be started towards the midline at the level of the left scapula then the nurse moves her hand from left to right. The moving is systematically downward and out to cover the lateral portions of the lungs at the bases. The nurse should compare the finding bilaterally. The nurse can also check if there is mass or tumor (Weber Kelley, 2010). During the palpation, a crackle sensation may be sensed which means crepitus. This sensation is because of air passing through fluid and exudates in the lungs. Fremitus should be assessed. It is a vibration of air movement through the chest wall. It can be increased, decreased or absent which represent different lung problem like consolidation or bronchial obstruction, pulmonary edema, pneumothorax†¦etc (Weber Kelley, 2010). Percussion Percussion has 2 main functions, determining the tone as well as the diaphragmatic excursion. When nurse percusses the chest wall, the sound produced can show whether lung tissue is filled with air, liquid or solid. Same as palpation, a sequence of percussion should be followed. The process is started at the apices of the scapulae then across the top of both shoulders. Next, nurse percusses the intercostals spaces across and down. Finally, she moves from the lateral aspects at the bases of the lung (Weber Kelley, 2010). By comparing the sound of percussed areas, nurse may discover the lung mass or other respiratory problems (Weilitz Potter, 2007). Measuring the diaphragmatic excursion is also important. Emphysema may be a cause of limited diaphragmatic descent. Auscultation For auscultation, breathing sound is not the only element to assess. The voice sound can also be assessed. It is easy that nurse auscultates the chest wall while she asks the patient to repeat pronouncing â€Å"ninety-nine†. This is the way to identify if there is consolidation from pneumonia, atelectasis, or tumor (Weber Kelley, 2010). Mental state For the patient with CODP, they usually reduce the daily activities like Mr Wong did. The patient may not use to the changes of the quality of life( ,2010). Closely observation and listening to the patient are the easiest and useful ways to assess the mental state of the patient. If there is any abnormal, the condition should be recorded and report to the senior nurse. Conclusion In this article, some health assessment tools and techniques are suggested for a CODP patient, Mr Wong. There is no traumatic procedure involved. However, the results of different examination can give large amount of information of the patient’s body condition. And this is essential for the clinical staff to improve the clinical decision making in order to provide better treatments for the patient. Reference Barnett, M. (2009). An overview of assessment and management in COPD. British Journal of Community Nursing, 15(5), 195-201. Retrieved March 12, 2010, from http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.lib.ouhk.edu.hk/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?hid=104sid=ada13567-52a0-4268-b952-fd290eadc7a3%40sessionmgr104vid=3 Barnett, M. ( 2006). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in primary care. United Kingdom: New York John Wiley Sons, Ltd. CMP Medica (2007):CMP Media Pacific Limited? GlaxoSmithKline. (2009). COPD assessment test. Retrieved March 12, 2010, from http://www.catestonline.co.uk/test/index.htm Massey, D, Meredith, T. ( 2010). Respirator assessment 1: Why do it and how to do it?. British Journal of Cardiac Nursing, 5(11), 537-541. Retrieved March 12, 2010, from http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.lib.ouhk.edu.hk/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?hid=17sid=ada13567-52a0-4268-b952-fd290eadc7a3%40sessionmgr104vid=4 Shepherd, A. ( 2010). The nutritional management of COPD: an overview. British Journal of Nursing, 19(9), 559-562. Retrieved March 12,2010, from http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.lib.ouhk.edu.hk/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?hid=104sid=ada13567-52a0-4268-b952-fd290eadc7a3%40sessionmgr104vid=3 Weber, J, Kelley, J. (2010). Health assessment in nursing(4th ed.). New York: Lippincott Williams Wilkins Weilitz, P. B., Potter, P. A. (2007). Pocket guide for health assessment(6th ed.).Missouri: Mosby Elservier. How to cite The importance of health assessment in understanding patients, Essay examples

Are Romeo And Juliet Really In Love Essay Example For Students

Are Romeo And Juliet Really In Love Essay Romeo and Juliet is still relevant because Shakespeare has created a unique play which involves love, violence deception, humour as well as issues currently going on. The language Shakespeare has used to describe the characters was extraordinary. This story was a love story, but not any love story but that of star crossed lovers this script was filled with love, hate, passion and deception. The hate scenes were between the families, this was because the families were archrivals. The passionate part of the play was the love scenes between Romeo and Juliet. The parts that were deceiving were the love at first sight, young, good looking and vulnerable youth madly in love but the most beguilement thing about Romeo and Juliet relationship was that their names were Montague and Capulet. Shakespeare explains all with just a few, extraordinary scripts and made it free from obscurity and easy to understand (clarity) Romeos character is impetuous, decisive, immature, manipulative, rash and violent. When he is impetuous he keeps changing his mind, an example of this behaviour is when he falls in love with Juliet and forgets about Rosaline. Romeo was very decisive when he wanted to kill Tybalt. The part where Romeo was violent was when he wanted to kill Tybalt. He was also very manipulative when he bluffed the apothecary into selling him poison by exploiting his need for money and his poverty state. He was really immature at times when he kept crying and moaning about everything. Romeo always wanted to be idealistic, he fell in love with Juliet and also wanted a marriage although he knew that their families were foes. He was genuinely multi-faced and his emotions showed this and took over him. He was more than often childish and impulsive. The first w meeting between Romeo and the audience was when he graciously writes lines of sweet words describing his love for Rosaline. Benvolio the cousin of Romeo had a brief conversation with the Montagues (Romeos parents) as they discussed their distress about Romeos strange behaviour in recent days. So Benvolio was asked by Romeos parents to find out what was wrong with him and find the cause behind Romeos strange behaviour. Benvolio finds out that the cause of his problems is Rosaline and he tries to talk him out of the concept of Rosaline. Romeo then starts to use oxymorons. Oxymorons are words that are used in a sentence that have an opposite meaning. O heavy lightness! Serious vanity! Misshapen chaos of well seeming forms! The way Romeo uses these oxymorons, this describes his character as unstable and love struck. He shows this with his words and does this show he really loves her? This is why he uses oxymorons. Tut, I have lost myself, I am not here This is not Romeo, hes some other where What the meaning of this quotation is he is full of contradiction and this shows how confused Romeo is. When Romeo uses the oxymoron Heres much to do with hate, but more with love Why then O brawling love, O loving hate In this quotation Romeo is showing confusion by how much pain love is causing him and why Rosaline isnt recricating. The first time Romeo and Juliet meet it was love at first site for both of them. He was admiring Juliet, this time he was not thinking about himself, but he was thinking about Juliet. This is like when he thought he had a relationship with Rosaline but she didnt want to know him. This showed he changed character so quickly and this is called multi-facade. He had suddenly changed into a mature person. The way Romeo and Juliet was written shows that Shakespeare was really poetic, thus Romeo starts speaking in sonnets. A sonnet is a 14-line poem that expresses ones feelings but in the sonnet Romeo speaks in he exaggerates. He spoke like a poet, not like a boy with urges. Romeo and Juliet both speak in the sonnet, the male character usually spoke this, this is showing that Romeo wasnt thinking of himself and took this as an equal partnership. Great proof of friendship EssayIt is too rash, too advised, too sudden Too like the lightning, which doth cease to be Ere one can say it lighter Juliet uses words such as lightning and lighters as lightning is quick to strike and that is the pace of their relationship. Romeo realises and also fears that all is happening is too good to be true I am afraid, Doing in night, all this is but a dream Too flattering sweet to be substantial This show Romeo knows that there are going too fast and he cant believe it as it was a dream. Shakespeare is trying to show that Romeo is excited and he knows, that he needs to slow down but love is taking the better part of him, but Romeo just wants to get Juliet thus hints of his marriage proposal When Romeo goes to Friar Laurence, the first thing the Friar realises is that Romeo is up very early which was unusual. He asks about Romeos relationship with Rosaline and he says hes over her, which was a surprise to Friar Lawrence God pardon sin! Was t thou Rosaline? With Rosaline, my ghostly father? No I have forgotten that name, and that names woe Hearing this the friar was very happy for Romeo, but Romeo is trying to tell him what has been happening with Juliet. He doesnt get to the point but he instead uses riddles. He finally tells him and the Friar says that this is bad. Romeo tries to convince the Friar. Ill tell thee us we pass, but this I pray That thou consent to marry us to day The Friar gets seriously worried but Romeo has been convincing the Friar. The Friar is worried that if he solves one problem he might create another Net in a grave To lay one in, another out to have The Friar then agrees to marry them, but he thinks by merging the two, the two families will become friends and forget there past affairs. He is trying to create a friendship, but he is worried and knowing how Romeo is the Friar tells him to be wise Wisely and slow, they stumble of run fast This means that Romeo should be careful and he should not rush into things The scene when Tybalt comes looking for Romeo to duel him was unexpected and Tybalt did not know of Romeo and Juliets relationship. Instead of meeting Romeo, Mercuito is there. Tybalt asks if he can have a word with one of them but Mercuito makes a homosexual remark Mercuito, thou consorts with Romeo, This meaning that Mercuito had feeling for Romeo. Tybalt wants a fight as Romeo comes back. Romeo doesnt want to fight because of his marriage to Juliet. Rather than Romeo having a fight Mercuito offers to fight Tybalt. The two of them start to brawl and Romeo tells his friends to fight. This chaos results in Mercuito getting stabbed by Tybalt and he tells everyone it is just a scratch although he wanted to be helped. No one takes him seriously as he is always joking around and they do not now that Mercuito is dying. As Mercuito helps himself for a last few breaths of air he curses the families Help me into some house, Benvolio, Or I shall faint. A plague o both your houses! After this Romeo finds out that Mercuito is dead and this triggers him and he goes after Tybalt they then start to fight and with rage Romeo kills Tybalt. After this Benvolio tell Romeo to run away and the prince banishes him form Verona. This shows that Romeo character keeps on changing. From a boy in love rushing things to a raging beast full of anger. Romeo has the ability to change and show different forms of emotion. Following this Romeo complains about banishment saying that the banishment was worse than death. He moans that he will not see his family and friends but not forgetting that his life was spared. He thanks no-one and weeps as well